(10,1528) = 5.11, P Table 5 Overall tick burden and tick burden by categories of the temperature-humidity index (means ± standard errors) in four Colombian cattle breeds
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There clearly was a scant amount of research from the literary works with the tick burden in the cows to possess tropical regions about Americas. Very training on this question were done in subtropical places such as for instance Southern Africa [8, 15], places that have high large temperatures instance Egypt and you can Pakistan , and several exotic countries such as for instance Tanzania and you will Nigeria . Tick weight is normally claimed playing with turned study, that renders influence investigations for real tick burden difficult to translate. This study reveals the true tick load and its reference to temperature worry indices into the five Bos taurus breeds based in three different geographical areas of Colombia (new Caribbean, Andean and you can Orinoquia places). Tick burden throughout these Colombian cattle breeds is actually below that utilized in a research playing with steers grazing on the Meta service (Orinoquia part). Simultaneously, the average tick burden found in the five Colombian types during the the try (17.cuatro ± 24.6) is gloomier than just one present in almost every other warm regions including the fresh new B. indicus Meru crossbred during the Tanzania (37.5 ± 11.8) and some B. indicus cattle communities (Light Fulani and Bunaji types in addition to their crossbreds) from inside the Nigeria (twenty-two ± step 1.4) . Various cattle types, yard kinds, grazing management, herding program, climate and you can ecological areas of presses you are going to give an explanation for high tick burden found in this type of other studies.
Tick shipments with the cows bodies
The brand new tick burden towards rump and you will tail regarding SM (eight.dos ± 12.2), ROMO (5.8 ± 10.2) and you may CCC (9.4 ± 15.1) cows is actually greater than this new tick load on the bottom ft, stomach and you will flanks (step one.0 ± dos.cuatro, 4.6 ± 6.9 and you can eight.2 ± 11.step one, respectively). This type of efficiency accept those individuals received by inside Nguni cattle. This type of article authors learned that the newest tick weight to your end and you will perineum is actually more than the fresh new tick weight on the stomach about year. The lowest tick load inside the BON, ROMO and CCC cattle try seen towards the head and shoulder followed closely by the rear and loin. Also, Asmaa mais aussi al. unearthed that the lowest number of ticks was in fact observed within sight, neck and bust. Ticks choose undetectable and you can enjoying anatomical zones on the animal muscles . And this, an appropriate environment to possess tick endurance are in end and perineum, perhaps discussing the fresh new large number out-of clicks observed throughout these system zones. On top of that, the back ft, udder, stomach, fore and you may rear flank be confronted by yard, and therefore without difficulty attained by the presses. This is why we seen a top ratio of your total tick load in these human anatomy zones.
Different types of yard and you may paddocks in which these pets feed you will lead to differences in tick load by the anatomical zones. This will be substantiated because of the equivalent portion of tick load by the anatomical areas seen with the ROMO and CCC types, that have been found at an equivalent experimental route and you can were given with similar form of lawn. Having said that, the new tick burden by anatomical area is very different for the BON and SM types, and that is in part explained of the another ecosystem.
Sex, age and live lbs
The better tick weight present in women will follow the outcome out-of Rehman mais aussi al. inside orchidromance uygulamasД± Pakistani cattle, in which lady got a notably higher tick weight than simply men. Concurrently, discover a top incidence out-of tick infestation in women (58.7%) than in men (41.5%) in Egyptian cows . While doing so, zero significant distinctions was discover on the infestation incidence regarding R. microplus anywhere between gents and ladies inside the Indian cows and you can North american country cattle . Regarding fresh channels where cows for the analysis was basically remaining, bulls obtained preferential administration since they had resting episodes before start of second breeding season, and was assigned inside paddocks which have a lower stocking rate. However, cows have been constantly kept at the higher equipping pricing. Why these criteria acquired by bulls during the specific weeks of your year you are going to establish why we receive a reduced tick weight from inside the men than the ladies within our investigation.